Third Republic. Gambetta, photograph by Étienne Carjat; in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. Despite its series of short-lived governments, the Third Republic was marked by social stability (except for the Alfred Dreyfus affair), industrialization, and establishment of a professional civil service. The largest and most important were in North Africa and Vietnam. But his attempt to send a force northward to relieve Paris from siege was frustrated by Moltke and by the poor quality of the scratch French forces. Composed of the deputies representing Paris and formally headed by General Louis-Jules Trochu, the new government’s most forceful…, The obvious intent of the two armistices was to reduce France to utter subjection, primarily to Germany. Updates? The birth of the Third Republic (1871) After the disaster of Sedan (2 September 1870) and the capitulation of the Emperor and the whole French army, the Republic was proclaimed in Paris without violence on 4 September 1870. Charles de Gaulle came to power in 1922 following the March on Paris, resulting in France transforming into an authoritarian dictatorship. The rest is mere detail. … It fought in World War I and capitulated in World War II. The French Third Republic (French: La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government created in France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940 after France's defeat by Nazi Germany in World War II led to the creation of the Vichy government in France. The French Third Republic, (in French, Troisième Republique, sometimes written as IIIème Republique) (1870/75-1940/46), was the governing body of France between … The Third Republic, in line with the imperialistic ethos of the day sweeping Europe, developed a worldwide network of colonies. Third Republic, French government from 1870 to 1940. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Third Republic, French government from 1870 to 1940. Universal suffrage gave them a new political weapon; France’s peculiar socioeconomic structure gave them political weight. Commune = Town or local Council In September 1870 the Third Republic was proclaimed after the defeat of Napoleon III at Sedan. Omissions? By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. During this time, two parties dominated the government: the monarchists, who advocated the return of a monarchy, and the republicans, who wanted a government based on a constitution and elections. ════════════════ History Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The Empire came to an end following their defeat by … The new Republic Constitution is adopted in 1875, and the entire regime is Republican by 1879. Third Republic, French government from 1870 to 1940. France - France - Society and culture under the Third Republic: Under the Third Republic the middle and lower sectors of society came to share political and social dominance with the rich notables. Gambetta shortly left the city by balloon to join several members of the government at Tours. The French government was established at Versai… Most of the monarchists had campaigned for peace; the republicans had insisted on a last-ditch fight. In the aftermath of the war it was deemed necessary to hold elections to a national assembly which could authorize a formal, legitimate peace. The Catholic Church became deeply involved. The Third French Republic governed France from 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War until the seizure of power by Charles de Gaulle in 1922. France, officially the Third French Republic , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. Composed of the deputies representing Paris and formally headed by General Louis-Jules Trochu, the new government’s most forceful member was Léon Gambetta, hero of the radical republicans. When Otto von Bismarck and the Prussian army defeated France in 1870, the Second Empire of Louis Napoleon was over. To defend Paris, a National Guardwas raised which soon numbered 360,000 men. Some French businessmen went overseas, but there were few permanent settlements. The Fifth Republic (French: Cinquième République), France's current republican system of government, was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. It was a parliamentary republican democracy that was created following the collapse of … With Napoleon III abdication following the battle of Sedan, France’s political future was a little unstable, as napoleon III ad left no clear successor. The terms were severe: France was charged a war indemnity of five billion francs plus the cost of maintaining a German occupation army in eastern France until the indemnity was paid. Gambetta proclaimed the deposition of the Empire at the Assembly while Favre proclaimed the Republic at the Town Hall. France - France - The Third Republic: A provisional government of national defense was set up in 1870 and took as its first task the continuation of the war against the invaders. France adopted the constitution of the Fourth Republic on 13 October 1946. The principles upon which the French constitution is based are representative government (by two chambers), manhood suffrage, responsibility of ministers and irresponsibility of the head of the state. Corrections? Choose from 254 different sets of third french 3 republic flashcards on Quizlet. That election, held on February 8, produced an assembly dominated by monarchists—more than 400 of them, compared with only 200 republicans and a few Bonapartists. During the next four months, Gambetta’s makeshift armies fought a series of indecisive battles with the Prussians in the Loire valley and eastern France. It was in many ways a revival of the Third Republic that was in place from 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War to 1940 during World War II, and suffered many of the same problems. The head of the Government of France has, since 1958, been called the Prime Minister of France.. During earlier periods of French history the French head of government was known by different titles. The assembly began its deliberations in 1873; in 1875 it adopted a series of fundamental laws, which, taken collectively, came to be known as the constitution of the Third Republic. Add a photo to this gallery The French Fourth Republic was the republican government of France between 1946 and 1958, governed by the fourth republican constitution. Over Gambetta’s angry protests, an armistice was signed with the Prussians on January 28, 1871. Although the elections returned a largely monarchist Assembly, a Republican, Jules Grévybecame its first President. Are you an author? Adolphe Thiers had been sent meanwhile to tour the capitals of Europe in search of support from the powers; but he returned empty-handed. French Third Republicball was a republican régime of the French nationball. The French Third Republic (French: La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed, until 1940, when France's defeat by Nazi Germany in World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government in France. Taking it all in all, the history of the three might be summed up as the education of the democracy. Third French Republic (The Anvil series) 1st Edition by Leslie Derfler (Author) › Visit Amazon's Leslie Derfler Page. The Third French Republic Defeat on the Franco-Prussian War signalled the end of the Second French Empire. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Some French businessmen went overseas, but there were few permanent settlements. The legislative power resides in these two chambersthe Senate and the Chamber of Deputies; the executive is vested in the president of the republic and the ministers. The Third Republic is officially established under Thiers after the French defeat by Prussia. The Catholic Church became deeply involved. Uniform plates Napoleon First French Empire Napoleonic Wars Second French Empire Napoléon 3 French revolution 1939-1945 ww2 Third French Republic Third French Republic The uniforms of the French army during the Third Republic. The siege of Paris was harsh with food shortages and over 40,000 people died. Composed of the deputies representing Paris and formally headed by General Louis-Jules Trochu, the new government’s most forceful member was Léon Gambetta, hero of the radical republicans. One provision of the armistice called for the prompt election of a National Assembly with authority to negotiate a definitive treaty of peace. French administrators, soldiers, and missionaries were dedicated to bringing French civilization to the peoples of the colonies. Alterations or modifications of the constitution can only be effected by the National Assembly, consisting of both chambers sitting together ad hoc. The French Fourth Republic from 1946 to 1958 was doomed to fail from the start. This is indeed a history book written by (literally) a poet. The German army was authorized to stage a victory march through the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. The largest and most important were in North Africa and Vietnam. Presidents of the Third Republic included Adolphe Thiers (1871–73), Patrice de Mac-Mahon (1873–79), Jules Grévy (1879–87), Sadi Carnot (1887–94), Félix Faure (1895–99), Émile Loubet (1899–1906), Armand Fallières (1906–13), Raymond Poincaré (1913–20), Alexandre Millerand (1920–24), Gaston Doumergue (1924–31), and Albert Lebrun (1932–40). By January 1871 it was clear that further armed resistance would be futile. In 1873, Thiers is replaced by Marshal Mac-Mahon who will come to be known for his public moral order. As minister of the interior and, some weeks later, minister of war as well, he threw himself into the task of improvising military resistance. Its missionaries were unattached men committed to staying p… See search results for this author. The younger mountains and adjacent plains, Gaul and Germany at the end of the 5th century, The shrinking of the frontiers and peripheral areas, Austrasian hegemony and the rise of the Pippinids, The partitioning of the Carolingian empire, The development of institutions in the Carolingian age, The influence of the church on society and legislation, Economy, society, and culture in the Middle Ages (, Economy, society, and culture in the 14th and 15th centuries, The influence of Montesquieu and Rousseau, The French Revolution and Napoleon, 1789–1815, The restoration and constitutional monarchy, The Great Depression and political crises, Society and culture under the Third Republic, The euro-zone crisis and the Socialist resurgence. 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