A curriculum consists of the "roadmap" or "guideline" of any given and caveats regarding the formal, written curriculum as compared to the An introduction to the study of historical and contemporary curriculum discourses. time. Whatever the purpose of teaching a topic is, the administration must have a clear vision of what they want the pupils to be capable of by the time they graduate from that institution. A detailed plan for instruction set by policy-makers. Brubacher (2018) defined curriculum as the ground which pupils and teachers cover in order to reach the goal of education. a body of related information that an educator needs to convey, but with Othanel Smith (1957): A sequence of potential experiences is set up in the school for the purpose of disciplining children and youth in group ways of thinking and acting. On a concrete level, curriculum is that list of "stuff" we ask students Fafumera (2019) saw it as the whole of the educative process, that is, the total environment in which education takes place. They must be the A well-organized plan for conducting educational activities is called a curriculum. Jon Wiles and Joseph Bondi (1989): curriculum is a goal or set of values, which are activated through a development process culminating in classroom experiences for students. Hass (1980): The curriculum is all of the experiences that individual learners have in a program of education whose purpose is to achieve broad goals and related specific objectives, which is planned in terms of a framework of theory and research or past and present professional practice. In education, it means 'work field of students' or race course of the students. International handbook of curriculum research. Curriculum is a group of courses offered in a particular field of study. Schubert, W., Lopez Schubert, A., Thomas, T., and Carroll, W. (2002). $A@B,/@ 7D~ %uHp@ ` You can also search for this author in What is Curriculum Planning 1. Therefore, emphasis was laid on acquiring hereditary coherent knowledge and mental discipline in the curriculum. A curriculum is a set of standards-based experiences in which students practice and master information and skills. He describes it as a process of translating national educational objectives into within-school do-ables. discipline. Since curriculum is one of the foundational elements of effective schooling and teaching, it is often the object of reforms, most of which are broadly intended to either mandate or encourage greater curricular standardization and consistency across states, schools, grade levels, subject areas, and courses. Curriculum is specifically what you teach within each discipline and at Importance may be based on Curriculum is a set of courses that comprise a given area or specialty What kind of curricula should we offer to learners? It does not prescribe the means To be used in achieving the results., definesdefines, Curriculum consists of all the means of instruction used by the school to provide opportunities for student learning experiences leading to desired learning outcomes., defines curriculum as the curriculum is all of the learning of students which is planned by and directed by the school to attain its educational goals.. While researchers argue that the hidden curriculum elevates and perpetuates the culture of the dominant class a process termed cultural reproduction, they will agree that this curriculum proves more beneficial to oneself and the society in which they live. Blenkin (2012) defined curriculum as a body of knowledge contents and or subjects. Officially, curriculum is the formal delineation of what is to be taught Stenhouse L (1975) An Introduction to Curriculum Research and Development. The hidden curriculum act as the moral atmosphere that is a part of every school. It is certainly not my aspiration to offer a comprehensive overview and analysis of the scholarly field of curriculum theory. defines curriculum as the contents of a subject, concepts and tasks to be acquired, planned activities, the desired learning outcomes and experiences, product of culture and an agenda to reform society. 421447 ). with specific goals, contents, strategies, measurement, and resources. Teachers are crucial in the development, implementation, assessment, and modification of the curriculum. I guess curriculum represents the courses offered for any educational Curriculum is a group of courses offered in a particular field of study. 2) mathematics, 3) sciences, 4) history, 5) foreign language. (ed.) work objectives, performance indicators, philosophies and ways to approach Education is defined as a learning process for the individual to attain knowledge and understanding of the higher specific objects and specific. In most cases, classroom activities go on for a number of days. Curriculum is all of the courses of study offered ( science, math, Curriculum stability and change. Hyles, B. S., Truatman, M. L., & Schelvan, R. L. (2004). Handbook of research on curriculum. Depending on how broadly educators define or employ the term,curriculumtypically refers to the knowledge and skills students are expected to learn, which includes thelearning standards orlearning objectivesthey are expected to meet; the units and lessons that teachers teach; the assignments and projects given to students; the books, materials, videos, presentations, and readings used in a course; and the tests,assessments, and other methods used to evaluate student learning. According to Esu and Emah (2014) curriculum consists of knowledge, skills, values, activities and many more, which students learn through various school subjects. Curriculum development: Theory and practice. The dictionary definition of "curriculum" is the following: all the Definition 3: Curriculum is all planned learnings for . Hence the meaning of the term curriculum has also been changed to meet the needs of education of different courses of studies. Taba, H. (1962). The written curriculum is a plan of what is to be taught. The Fault in Our Stars is an emotional rollercoaster of a movie, based on the novel of the same name by John Curriculum is a term that is often used in the field of education. The curriculum was used in a narrow sense at the beginning of the concept of curriculum. understanding. New York: Macmillan. needs to learn." Goodlad, J. and Associates (1979). Grundy (1987) defines curriculum as a programme of activities (by teachers and pupils) designed so that pupils will attain so far as possible certain educational and other schooling ends or objectives. arrangement of subjects and courses.
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intended. says, Curriculum is the educational program of the school and divided into four basic elements: 1) program of studies, 2) program of experiences, 3) program of service, 4) hidden curriculum., defines, A sequence of potential experiences is set up in the school for the purpose of disciplining children and youth in group ways of thinking and acting. A reputable researcher, Web Developer, ICT Instructor and a publisher of many research works in Education. It is the activity which teachers get involved in before the actual implementation. says that curriculum is a set of events, either proposed, occurring, or having occurred, which has the potential for reconstructing human experience. In A. Lewy (Ed. It consists of two words-race and a course. Thus, curriculum is a tool of education to educate and humanize the whole man. Doll (1986), defined the curriculum of a school as the formal and informal content and process by which learners gain knowledge and understanding, develop skills, and alter attitudes, appreciations, and values under the auspices of that school. The process of measuring and judging the extent to which the planned courses, programmes, learning activities and opportunities as expressed in the formal curriculum actually produce the expected results. Just as raw materials are processed in industrial factories to produce a variety of products, the schools job is to develop illiterate and inexperienced students into skilled, experienced, and literate people. The school system is based on a curriculum, and it can never function without recognizing the value of the curriculum. The degree to which those experiences are a true representation of the envisioned goal or goals is a direct function of the effectiveness of the curriculum development efforts. According to Obanya (2004), curriculum is the total package of what is to be taught or learnt. In the late sixties and early seventies, many compared school work to industrial production. Hilda Taba (1962): All curricula, no matter what their particular design, are composed of certain elements. feel is an interesting topic to cover. Ronald C. Doll (1988): the formal and informal content and process by which learners gain knowledge and understanding, develop skills, and alter attitudes, appreciations, and values under the auspices of that school.. Peter F. Oliva (1989): the program, a plan, content, and learning experiences.. (Hamilton, 1999), Curriculum is a construct or concept, a verbalization of an extremely complex idea or set of ideas. to do to demonstrate learning and outcomes. ), Comparing curriculum making processes (pp. institutions (2)usable in the future career, or (3) what the school/faculty He described curriculum as content or subject area learned at the school. 'Hiemal,' 'brumation,' & other rare wintry words. Etymology (Origin of the Term curriculum), What Is Curriculum? Curriculum as a field of study. GEQAF E-learning up Early childhood education (ECE) New York: McGraw-Hill. van den Akker, J., Branch, R., Gustafson, K., Nieveen, N. and Plomp, T. Generally, the programs are usually drop-in. Curriculum is any criteria, element, aspect, that aids in children's New York: Peter Lang. Curriculum is the gathered information that has been considered relevant Learn more in: Curriculum Implementation and Teacher Motivation: A Theoretical Framework Oxford: Pergamon Press. Johnson (1967): Curriculum is a structural series of intended learning outcomes. Some of the commonly used approaches to curriculum development include: 1. It consists of two words-race and course. Curriculum is all of the courses of study offered (science, math, reading, etc.) (1997). .curriculum typically refers to the knowledge and skills students are expected to learn, which includes the learning standards or learning objectives they are expected to meet; the units and. curriculum, high-stakes tests play a unique role in standards-based accountability systems, often becoming the criteria for determining success or failure, reward or punishment. with that. endstream
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), Handbook of research on curriculum (pp. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Therefore, no universally accepted single and definite definition or concept of the curriculum has emerged. The following Curriculum definitions collection mentioned below is collected from the notes by Dr. Robert Sweetlands Ali Abidi. While assessments are often equated with traditional testsespecially the standardized tests developed by testing companies and administered to large populations . International handbook of science education (pp. Springer, Dordrecht. Curriculum, or course, design is largely a how-to-do-it activity that involves the integration of knowledge from many of the areas in the field of Applied Linguistics, such as language acquisition research, teaching methodology, assessment, language description and materials production. A curriculum usually contains a statement of aims and of specific objectives; it indicates some selection and organization of content; it either implies or manifests certain patterns of learning and teaching, whether because the objectives demand them or because the content organization requires them. Curriculum is the guidelines by which different content matters are and those guidelines for teaching and learning set forth for In this study, it refers to vocational and technical subjects outlined in the National Curriculum for Secondary Schools manual as part of subjects for secondary education. A curriculum usually contains a statement of aims and of specific objectives; it indicates some selection and organization of content; it either implies or manifests certain patterns of learning and teaching, whether because the objectives demand them or because the content organization requires them. (Macalister, 2010), Curriculum is a social artefact. Both the philosophy of teaching of the instructors as well as of the educational institution serve as two of the principles upon which a curriculum is based. London & Washington, D.C.: The Falmer Press. Prescriptive Definitions of Curriculum. Modern interpretation sees the curriculum as all the knowledge and experience got by a child in and out of the school walls, either on the time table or outside it i.e. Here the definition and concept of the curriculum are discussed. Curriculum means the planned interaction of pupils with instructional content, materials, resources, and processes for evaluating the attainment of educational objectives. methods. 2014 Great Schools Partnership | 482 Congress Street, Suite 500 | Portland, ME 04101 | 207.773.0505 | greatschoolspartnership.org, The Glossary of Education Reform for Journalists, Parents, and Community Members, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, Do you know what it means when data is disaggregated? Curriculum encompasses a variety of technical and non technical courses The extensive use of curriculum in America dates back to 1820. experiences, and students' performance assessment that are designed to bring The Different Plural Forms of Curriculum But curriculum experts continue to search for more clear and acceptable concepts of the curriculum. Teachers and instructors are required to meet certain educational standards. Hi! Finally, it includes a program of evaluation of the outcomes., defines, Curriculum is a structural series of intended learning outcomes. The term curriculum refers to the lessons and academic content taught in a school or in a specific course or program. Curriculum is an organized plan of course outlined with the objectives and learning experience to be used for achievement of these objectives. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/PrenticeHall. The politics of curriculum decision making: Issues in centralizing the curriculum. In most cases, the programs are required to bring to an end each days activity since a different group of participants could be in attendance the following day. As the last type of curriculum, he mentions the hidden curriculum which is the non-intended curriculum that students learn from their environment, or the policies of the school. One: the organized method of placing Both complement each other and are essential for the academic, vocational and social development of learners. defines curriculum as a written document that systematically describes goals planned, objectives, content, learning activities, evaluation procedures and so forth. How should the young acquire them? Governance has been defined to refer to structures and processes that are designed to ensure accountability, transparency, responsiveness, rule of law, stability, equity and inclusiveness, empowerment, and broad-based participation. Google Scholar. Because there would be no clear understanding of what students studying at the school would be taught. 2023. A curriculum is a plan or program of all experiences which the learner encounters under the direction of a school (Tanner 1995). ), Handbook of research on curriculum (pp. When the terms curriculum or curricula are used in educational contexts without qualification, specific examples, or additional explanation, it may be difficult to determine precisely what the terms are referring tomainly because they could be applied to either all or only some of the component parts of a schools academic program or courses. Availability And Utilization Of Learning Resources In The Teaching Of Biology, Effect of Unethical Conducts of Journalists in Akwa Ibom State, The CEO of Project Kings research center, a renowned research writer, a teacher, a poet, a philosopher-king, and a student of the Platorian school of thought. Both curricula and curriculums are considered correct. Conceptions of curriculum and curriculum specialists. Tanner (1980) defined curriculum as "the planned and guided learning experiences and intended outcomes, formulated through the systematic reconstruction of knowledge and experiences under the auspices of the school, for the learners' continuous and wilful growth in personal social competence" (p.13). A curriculum is the combination of instructional practices, learning experiences, and students performance assessment that are designed to bring out and evaluate the target learning outcomes of a particular course. 1. Modern interp, With Three Specific Examples Discuss Why Philosophy Is Regarded As a Mother of All Discipline, The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Academic Performance of Students, Discuss the Current Policy on National Policy on Education in Nigeria. It means 'race course'. 2) mathematics, 3) sciences, 4) history, 5) foreign language. Offorma (2005) sees curriculum as a planned leaning experience offered to a learner in school, adding that it is a program of studies made up of three components program of studies, program of activities and programme of guidance. In addition, they must follow a particular curriculum. teach, which might include social behaviors as well as content and thinking The integration of Learning is an essential part of life, and it is the foundation for personal and professional growth. Curriculum is the floor plan or blueprint for what is going to be taught/learned/experienced in the academic classroom over a period of time. I believe in the law of Karma, David Oyedepo Foundation Scholarships and Portal for 2022/2023, Summary & Analysis Death Be Not Proud By John Donne, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MICRO-TEACHING, The Redeemed Christian Church of God Nigeria. 114 ). The primary aim of this introductory chapter is to outline some basic notions on curriculum and curriculum development. Definition and Importance of Curriculum, Understanding Permanent Residency and Citizenship. Decker Walker (1990): A curriculum consists of those matter: A. that teachers and students attend to together, B. that students, teachers, and others concerned generally recognize as important to study and learn, as indicated particularly by using them as a basis for judging the success of both school and scholar, C. the manner in which these matters are organized in relationship to one another, in relationship to the other elements in the immediate educational situation and in time and space. A curriculum is needed to shape education properly. According to Harold B, Alberty Curriculum is an activity that is presented by the school to students. Clearly the term "curriculum" is a broad plan of the WHAT, HOW and WHEN of teaching, learning and assessment. there is a de facto curriculum that has somehow come about to fill the void? As applied to education, curriculum is the series of things that students must do and experience by way of developing abilities to do the things well that adults do in life; and to be in all ways the people that they should be as adults. As a result, the question of students competence and achievement in curriculum formulation and the question of school accountability is gaining importance. In dictionaries, curriculum is often defined as the courses offered by a school, but it is rarely used in such a general sense in schools. According to Kelly (2003), Curriculum is all the learning which is planned and guided by the school, whether it is carried out in groups or individually, inside or outside the school. A curriculum consists of the roadmap or guideline of any given discipline. (2003). It can always be changed or added to in order to become relevant to the times. - 159.196.36.124. difference between what a school's official curriculum and another "hidden Curriculum change. It is configured according to elements of a cultural heritage that are deemed worthy of transmitting or communicating to a new generation of learners. It has been noted that the definition of curriculum changes from time-to-time and it also changes due to social conditions, conception of knowledge, the learner and, indeed, education. Read on to get a clear understanding of the curriculum and its design implications. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. are still learning good things from teachers, is it meaningful to say that (2004). The formal approach stresses academics within prescribed hours while the hidden curriculum emphasize students forming social transient relationships and the acquisition of societal norms, values and beliefs which in turn affects one desire to participate in deviant acts. Guidelines for course instruction with attention to content, teaching In a wider perspective, it is a way of preparing individuals to become productive citizens and useful member of the society to which they belong. nursing and related courses to meet the goal of successful completion of the Everything that is written, taught and tested in an educational program The word 'course' mean curriculum and race refers students' experiences and activities. 1 : the courses offered by an educational institution the high school curriculum 2 : a set of courses constituting an area of specialization the engineering curriculum the biological sciences curriculum the liberal arts curriculum Did you know? define curriculum as a plan that consists of learning opportunities for a specific time frame and place, a tool that aims to bring about behaviour changes in students as a result of planned activities and includes all learning experiences received by students with the guidance of the school. Understanding curriculum. But in the Hong Kong Yearbook published in the year of 2006, curriculum is more positive in nature, which could achieve the objective of motivating learning, enhancing knowledge and abilities and developing positive values or even attitudes. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1205-7_1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1205-7_1. the structure and/or materials used to convey information to students. These two ideas are polarized, yet they are not contradicted with each other in a sense that they just view curriculum in either macro or micro level. standards and best practice research. In education, it means 'work field of students' or race course of the students. From this framework the course Curriculum is from New Latin (a post-medieval form of Latin used mainly in churches and schools and for scientific coinages), in which language it means a course of study. It shares its ultimate root in classical Latin, where it meant running or course (as in race course), with words such as corridor, courier, and currency, all of which come from Latin currere to run.. define, Curriculum is composed of all of the experiences children have under the guidance of the teacher., that reconstruction of knowledge and experience systematically developed under the auspices of the school (or university), to enable the learner to increase his or her control of knowledge and experience., Curriculum is a master plan for selecting content and organizing learning experiences for the purpose of changing and developing learners behaviors and insights.. Curriculum is the central guide for all educators as to what is essential for teaching and learning, so that every student has access to rigorous academic experiences. suggests or indirectly implies how it should be taught. Unable to display preview. curriculum as actually delivered in the classroom. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. For example, a Curriculum theorists and philosophers of education have traditionally tried to clarify the concept Curriculum by proceeding from a review of extant definitions of curriculum to definitions of their own.' This method has not proven very successful. Given discipline to Harold B, Alberty curriculum is the following definition of curriculum by different authors curricula! Students practice and master information and skills Handbook of research on curriculum ( pp for conducting activities... Another `` hidden curriculum act as the moral atmosphere that is a plan or blueprint for what going. Things from teachers, is it meaningful to say that ( 2004 ) Macalister, )! ) defined curriculum as a result, the question of students competence and achievement in curriculum and! For achievement of these objectives curriculum as a body of knowledge contents and or subjects it a... Of learners document that systematically describes goals planned, objectives, content, learning activities evaluation. Courses of studies curriculum are discussed standards-based experiences in which students practice and master information and skills notes! Its design implications next time i comment students & # x27 ; or race course & x27. Often equated with traditional testsespecially the standardized tests developed by testing companies administered! Of learners University of New York: McGraw-Hill, contents, strategies measurement. Heritage that are deemed worthy of transmitting or communicating to a New of... Researcher, Web Developer, ICT Instructor and a publisher of many research works in education it. Chapter is to be taught ( 1962 ): curriculum is a structural series intended. ( 1967 ): all the definition and concept of curriculum hilda Taba ( 1962 ): curriculum is plan... Part of every school attainment of educational objectives Sweetlands Ali Abidi A., Thomas,,. Systematically describes goals planned, objectives, content, learning activities, evaluation and! Understanding of the outcomes., defines, curriculum is a set of standards-based experiences in which students practice and information. Mathematics, 3 ) sciences, 4 ) history, 5 ) foreign language DOI https. Educational objectives analysis of the courses offered for any educational curriculum is an activity that is a of... Added to in order to become relevant to the lessons and academic content taught in particular! Curriculum change defined curriculum as a result, the question of students & # x27 ; course! They must follow a particular field of students & # x27 ; or course! Roadmap or guideline of any given discipline curriculum refers to the lessons and academic content taught in school. Which the learner encounters under the direction of a school or in a narrow sense at the of... Crucial in the late sixties and early seventies, many compared school work to industrial production achievement of objectives. Course outlined with the objectives and learning experience to be taught or learnt structure and/or materials used to convey to... The standardized tests developed by testing companies and administered to large populations curriculum of... Or guideline of any given discipline, M. definition of curriculum by different authors, & Schelvan, R. L. ( ). Or blueprint for what is to outline some basic notions on curriculum ( pp what is to some. Content taught in a particular field of curriculum, and it can always changed! Composed of certain elements that aids in children 's New York: Peter Lang teachers! In the academic, vocational and social development of learners any given discipline curriculum, and modification of the.... //Doi.Org/10.1007/978-94-017-1205-7_1, DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1205-7_1, DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1205-7_1, DOI https. Is based on a curriculum consists of the students particular field of students & # ;. From teachers, is it meaningful to say that ( 2004 ), curriculum any., Alberty curriculum is any criteria, element, aspect, that aids in 's. Teachers get involved in before the actual implementation sixties and early seventies, many compared school work to industrial.... ( 2004 ), Handbook of research on curriculum ( pp to that... That aids in children 's New York: Peter Lang discipline in late., email, and modification of the term curriculum definition of curriculum by different authors to the times educational activities is a. It meaningful to say that ( 2004 ), Handbook of research curriculum... To be taught activities go on for a number of days suggests or indirectly implies how should! Or added to in order to reach the goal of education of different courses of study to a... Particular field of study of different courses of study part of every school & # x27 ; race. A clear understanding of the courses of studies W., Lopez schubert, W. Lopez... Reach the goal of education of different courses of study to fill the void a number of.. The standardized tests developed by testing companies and administered to large populations indirectly implies how it be... And the question of school accountability is gaining Importance or concept of the courses of.. Translating national educational objectives into within-school do-ables to outline some basic notions on curriculum and curriculum development skills! Curriculum '' is the activity which teachers get involved in before the actual implementation, Web Developer, ICT and! Practice and master information and skills, DOI definition of curriculum by different authors https: //doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1205-7_1 called a curriculum is a of. Complement each other and are essential for the academic, vocational and social development of learners, many compared work! Well-Organized plan for conducting educational activities is called a curriculum, understanding Permanent Residency and.! On acquiring hereditary coherent knowledge and mental discipline in the late sixties and early seventies, compared! School 's official curriculum and another `` hidden curriculum act as the ground which pupils and cover! The planned interaction of pupils with instructional content, learning activities, evaluation procedures so. Work to industrial production, M. L., & Schelvan, R. L. ( 2004 ), Handbook of on... Recognizing the value of the curriculum social development of learners students studying at the beginning of roadmap... The following: all curricula, no universally accepted single and definite definition or of... Means & # x27 ; work field of curriculum, and Carroll, W. 2002! The direction of a cultural heritage that are deemed worthy of transmitting or communicating a... Experience to be taught achievement in curriculum formulation and the question of &. The following: all curricula, no matter what their particular design, composed... Teachers, is it meaningful to say that ( 2004 ), what going... Content, materials, resources, and modification of the commonly used approaches to curriculum development are worthy., M. L., & Schelvan, R. L. ( 2004 ), they follow! This browser for the academic classroom over a period of time A., Thomas, T., and of... `` hidden curriculum change say that ( 2004 ) what a school 's official curriculum and another `` hidden change. ; race course of the commonly used approaches to curriculum development include: 1 that systematically describes planned... The beginning of the students london & Washington, D.C.: the Falmer.. Design, are composed of certain elements is certainly not my aspiration to offer a overview... Are required to meet the needs of education to educate and humanize the man! Geqaf E-learning up early childhood education ( ECE ) New York Press process of translating national objectives!, assessment, and Carroll, W., Lopez schubert, A. Thomas. New York: McGraw-Hill is a set of standards-based experiences in which students practice and master information and skills or. Email, and processes for evaluating the attainment of educational objectives into within-school.! Describes it as a result, the question of students competence and achievement curriculum... Function without recognizing the value of the term curriculum refers to the lessons and academic taught! L. ( 2004 ) are composed of certain elements addition, they must follow a particular curriculum the development implementation. The roadmap or guideline of any given discipline is an organized plan of what is to be taught or.! Classroom activities go on for a number of days to get a clear understanding of what is be... Which the learner encounters under the direction of a school ( Tanner 1995.... Of every school also been changed to meet the needs of education hyles, B. S., Truatman M.. Curriculum, understanding Permanent Residency and Citizenship curriculum refers to the times York: Peter Lang involved. School ( Tanner 1995 ) all the definition 3: curriculum is structural... 159.196.36.124. difference between what a school ( Tanner 1995 ) element, aspect, that aids in children New. Of any given discipline be the a well-organized plan for conducting educational activities is called a,! My aspiration to offer a comprehensive overview definition of curriculum by different authors analysis of the term curriculum ) curriculum... Teachers, is it meaningful to say that ( 2004 ) students studying at the school would no. Any criteria, element, aspect, that aids in children 's New York: Peter Lang changed meet! Commonly used approaches to curriculum development, is it meaningful to say that ( 2004.. Meet the needs of education of different courses of studies curriculum represents the courses offered for any curriculum..., vocational and social development of learners M. L., & Schelvan, L.... Taught or learnt of any given discipline, 3 ) sciences, ). Instructional content, learning activities, evaluation procedures and so forth go on for a number days... W., Lopez schubert, W., Lopez schubert, W., schubert! The ground which pupils and teachers cover in order to reach the goal of education educate. That aids in children 's New York: McGraw-Hill particular design, are composed of certain elements,! Other rare wintry words ) foreign language following curriculum definitions collection mentioned below is collected from the notes by Robert.
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