William Ernest Henley was born on August 23, 1849, in Gloucester, England. Henley’s next editing position was with the Edinburgh journal, Scots Observer. William Ernest was the oldest of six children, five sons and a daughter; his father died in 1868. What is there I would not do, England my own?[39]. William Ernest Henley was born on August 23, 1849,in Gloucester, England. It was also from this time that William suffered from tuberculosis of the bone that resulted in the amputation of his left leg below the knee in 1868–69. The poem is about showing undivided courage in the face of death and keeping the dignity against all the hardships in life. The struggle, in this situation, is a reference to Henley’s bout of tuberculosis of the bone, which led to his leg being amputated. Though he wrote several books of poetry, Henley is remembered most often for his 1875 poem "Invictus". The poem was set to music and release with a video in July 2020 by the folk band Stick in the Wheel. As we discovered in Invictus, William Ernest Henley’s life as a child and young man was ravaged by the disease John Bunyan called the ‘captain of all these men of Death‘. Just one the adversities Henley faced was being on the sharp end of the surgeon’s knife. A commission had recently attempted to revive the school by securing as headmaster the brilliant and academically distinguished Thomas Edward Brown (1830–1897). [11]:129 Henley contested the diagnosis that a second amputation was the only means to save his life, seeking treatment from the pioneering late 19th-century surgeon Joseph Lister at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, commencing in August 1873. Henley was a great poet, critic as well as an editor and none of the success in his life came easy. After cremation at the local crematorium his ashes were interred in his daughter's grave in the churchyard at Cockayne Hatley in Bedfordshire. Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease which is caused by a bacterial infection which is generally spread through the air. About the selection of so many of his works, Gleeson White, 1888, op cit., states: "In a society paper, "William Ernest Henley: A Biographical Sketch", "Ballades and Rondeaus, Chants Royal, Sestinas, Villanelles, &c.: Selected with Chapter on the Various Forms (William Sharp, Gen. Series Ed. "[9] Stevenson's stepson, Lloyd Osbourne, described Henley as "... a great, glowing, massive-shouldered fellow with a big red beard and a crutch; jovial, astoundingly clever, and with a laugh that rolled like music; he had an unimaginable fire and vitality; he swept one off one's feet. Specifically the poem "Suicide" depicts not only the deepest depths of the human emotions, but also the horrid conditions of the working class Victorian poor in the U.K. As Henley observed firsthand, the stress of poverty and the vice of addiction pushed a man to the brink of human endurance. A debauch of smuggled whisky, Nelson Mandela recited the poem "Invictus" to other prisoners incarcerated alongside him at Robben Island, some believe because it expressed in its message of self-mastery Mandela's own Victorian ethic. [45], Connell, op. William Ernest Henley died of tuberculosis in 1903 at the age of 53 at his home in Woking, and his ashes were interred in his daughter's grave in the churchyard at Cockayne Hatley in Bedfordshire. St. Andrews University, St. Andrews, Scotland. Henley contracted tuberculosis of the bone at age 12, causing the amputation of his left leg below the knee in 1869. [3]:31 Nevertheless, Henley was disappointed in the school itself, considered an inferior sister to the Cathedral School, and wrote about its shortcomings in a 1900 article in the Pall Mall magazine. [30][31], George Butterworth set four of Henley's poems to music in his 1912 song cycle Love Blows As the Wind Blows. William Ernest Henley was born on 23 August 1849 in Gloucester. William Ernest Henley: William Ernest Henley suffered from tuberculosis as a child. "[4] In addition to his inviting its articles and editing all content, Henley anonymously contributed tens of poems to the journal, some of which were described by contemporaries as "brilliant" (later published in a compilation by Gleeson White). However, for the next eight years, his frequent stay in the hospital would affect his work. He wrote several books of poetry but he is most famous for his 1875 poem ‘Invictus’. ‎William Ernest Henley was born in Gloucester on 23 August 1849, the eldest of six children. This degree of illness and surgery in the 1800’s very often lead to fatal outcomes. The poem is most known for its themes of will-power and strength in the face of adversity, much of which is drawn from the horrible fate assigned to many amputees of the day— gangrene and death.

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