These colleges especially promoted upward mobility by preparing ministers, and thereby provided towns across the country with a core of community leaders. Harvard College was founded by the colonial legislature in 1636, and named after an early benefactor. By 1690, Boston publishers were reprinting the English Protestant Tutor under the title of The New England Primer. "Nineteenth‐Century Normal Schools in the United States: a Fresh Look.". It was specifically designed for the poor and staffed largely by women on relief. By the late 1970s segregated schooling in the United States was eliminated. The Journal of Negro History 76.1/4 (1991): 1-20. Education is a foundational driver of development, and fundamental to achieving self-reliance. The Academy of Philadelphia was created in 1749 by Benjamin Franklin and other civic minded leaders in Philadelphia. Continuing reports of a student's progress can be found online, supplementing the former method of periodic report cards. [14] In South Carolina, scores of school projects were advertised in the South Carolina Gazette beginning in 1732. ", Craig Evan Klafter, "St. George Tucker: The First Modern American Law Professor. After the Revolution, northern states especially emphasized education and rapidly established public schools. [65], By 1900, 34 states had compulsory schooling laws; four were in the South. Beginning with the Smith–Lever Act of 1914, Congress legislated measure upon measure to develop vocational education in schools below the college plane. [12] Most elite parents either home schooled their children using peripatetic tutors or sent them to small local private schools. The first convent established in the United States supported the Academy. Meeting the needs of a racially and ethnically mixed population, however, turned from the problem of the cities and from an assimilationist solution toward educational means of knowing and understanding the disadvantaged groups. The status of women was given attention, particularly through women’s studies, through improved access to higher education (women were now a majority of U.S. college students) and to fields previously exclusive to men, and through attempts to revise sexist language in books, instruction, and research. Racial segregation has not been the only factor in inequities. The "blue backed speller" of Noah Webster was by far the most common textbook from the 1790s until 1836, when the McGuffey Readers appeared. One of the most comprehensive laws in the history of education in the United States, this Act brought together several pieces of state[clarification needed] and federal legislation, making free, appropriate education available to all eligible students with a disability. [77]. English scholar E.D. [87], Summarizing the research of Burke and Hall, Katz concludes that in the 19th century:[88], The progressive era in education was part of a larger Progressive Movement, extending from the 1890s to the 1930s. The Academy graduated the first female pharmacist. Fostered by community spirit and financial donations, private female academies were established in towns across the South as well as the North. In the 1990s the growth of the Internet significantly increased the availability and, in many areas, the quality of education. "Histories taking root: the contexts and patterns of educational historiography during the twentieth century. Early Childhood Education . Development of state education. The network promotes U.S. higher education to students around the world by offering accurate, comprehensive, and current information about opportunities to study at accredited postsecondary institutions in the United States. 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