© The University of North Carolina Press For a moment its eyes pleaded with the shakers in vain. Friendships forged and Hall’s curiosity led to periodic onsite collecting of folkloric material as varied as witchlore and dance parties. Includes free vocabulary trainer, verb tables and pronunciation function. Reciprocally, DSASME borrows many citations from DARE when this is deemed useful, as from the vast Gordon Wilson Collection (c1960)[7]. The Smokies are at the center of a folk culture whose salience, breath of documentation, and wide interest beyond the immediate area justified the relatively small geographical compass of the 2004 volume. Mrs. Clawson now threw the cat over into the center of the quilt and all began to shake up and down. Many of these peripheral counties are excluded from coverage by DSASME. Now Watch: Meet the World's Strongest Redneck. Story, G.M., W.J. Especially because of the comparatively shallow time-depth of DSASME, few entries illustrate all three principles, notably 2). It discusses the dictionary’s relationship to the earlier Dictionary of Southern Appalachian and Smoky Mountainn English and to the Dictionary of American Regional English. 1931 Hannum Thursday April 52 “Come and set?” “I wouldn’t keer to.” The rising inflection of the guest’s voice indicated her willingness, so together they dropped down in the cool grass. 2005 Williams Gratitude 519 run ’n go = to back up to get a good start and gain momentum as you run. 1862 (in 1999 Davis CW Letters 83) I dont care if we get to Stay here during the war for I am highly pleased with our Situation. This is a one-of-a-kind dictionary in terms of regional lexicography. 3 To behave or move in an erratic, unsteady, or awkward fashion. 1296 pp., 8.5 x 11, 12 halftones, 8 tables, notes, bibl. The English of Southern Appalachia has long been represented in literature and popular media as both distorted and artificially uniform, giving rise to stereotypes—not infrequently to caricatures— about its form and usage and to misconceptions about its history. c1959 Weals Hillbilly Dict 5 When a mountaineer says, “I don’t keer to work,” what he means is that he doesn’t object to working, that he’s used to working, and that he accepts the fact that a man must work to live. Referring to the region of Appalachiaor its characteristics. See also swap B, swipe, warp 2. Each entry contains a headword or phrase with variant forms and spellings, one or more definitions, dated citations, and etymology. Approx. In addition to the Civil War letters already referred to, the dictionary draws eighteenth- and nineteenth-century evidence from letters, diaries, wills, church minutes, and petitions in manuscript form, as well as from transcriptions published in local historical and genealogical journals. Yet he never slackened his pace and his eyes charted the road ahead as he walked with determined steps. We'd make that for a slide. Then I like to pour a little on my plate and swarp a hot biscuit through them.”  1982 Maples Memories 29 We would take an old cane pole, swarp [a bat] down, hold him by the wings, and see his little snapping teeth. Dictionary of Smoky Mountain English. Your Guide to Speaking Like a True Appalachian Pioneer: Bald – A treeless area on a mountain; Blackberry Winter – Time where there is cool weather at the same time as the blooming of wild blackberry shrubs in May The dictionary included an extensive sketch of morphology and syntax and other unprecedented features. It lacks natural or political boundaries, unlike the territory on which other regional works of lexicography have been based. 1929 Chapman Mt Man 510 “I don’t care for work” means “I like to work—I don’t mind working.” And “I’d not care to drive a car” means “I am not afraid to—I’d like to drive a car.” Yet outlanders who have lived years in the mountains are still taking these comments in the modern sense, and advertising that the mountain man is lazy and that he is shy of modern invention. That said, it extensively utilizes the works of many authors native to the region, most notably ones from Eastern Kentucky (including Harriet Simpson Arnow, James A. The poor cat was perfectly bewildered. Montgomery, Michael B., and Joseph S. Hall. Save 40% on UNC Press books during our Annual Holiday SALE! For much of the country and indeed abroad, Southern Appalachia is synonymous with authenticity. It’ll shore look purty to see where you slice down six rows of weeds. It appeared in DSME only in its basic sense of “to strike, thrash.” To some minds familiarity with the fourth verbal sense indicates one's fluency in the regional vernacular. For example, most are familiar with the pronoun “y’all” but there are also unusual constr… ( ˌæpəˈleɪtʃɪən) adj. Still, and Jesse Stuart). form swarping only, the word has some currency in a sense roughly definable as wenching, hell-raising; or more mildly as skylarking, cavorting, playing: “The boys was out swarpin’ (or ‘swarpin’ around’) last night.” The occurrence of the opprobrious sense appears to be spotty; the word is used in the other senses freely and without embarrassment by native speakers who are distinctly modest. [The bear hunter] took a run-ago an’ run his arm into that hole he cut into it, an’ run it right up about his heart. 1973 GSMNP-79:17 You could play out in the hallway where they'd waxed it, you know. of or relating to the Appalachian Mountains. Ibid. The dictionary’s exhaustive pursuit of subject-area sources, undertaken by visiting libraries and archives in person or through shelf searches online, has tracked down far more items from or about the region than DARE could have done. [DARE running go n southern Appalachians]. Hey family and friends – when you see me next – don’t be surprised if you hear a little bit of that hillbilly twang in me! To ensure capturing as much research and commentary on the English of the eight-state region as possible, the editor has read in their entirety the hundreds of popular and scholarly publications on the region’s speech listed and annotated at his website (Appalachian English[4]). [2011 Houk Quilts 12 Quilts are cloaked in superstition too, like “shake the cat” for example. This category contains Appalachian English: terms or senses in English as spoken in Appalachia. The reference book I use most often for vocabulary tests and other dialect posts is the Dictionary of Smoky Mountain English.Michael Montgomery is the author of the dictionary. The relation between DSASME and DSME. (Placename) of, from, or relating to the Appalachian Mountains. Privacy Statement, Author In being a comprehensive historical record of the region’s English, DSASME goes beyond conventional lexicography in numerous ways. Michael B. Montgomery (1950–2019) was Distinguished Professor Emeritus of English and Linguistics at the University of South Carolina. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. To the practice of citing or cross-referencing an earlier history in England, Scotland, or Ireland, the entry for swarp neatly illustrates three “historical principles”: 1) arrangement of citations by date within a paragraph; 2) arrangement of senses by their presumed development between paragraphs within a given part of speech; and 3) arrangement of parts of speech by their presumed development within an entry. Grammatical forms and patterns are covered in particular detail because they are often hallmarks of southern Appalachian English. The Dictionary of Southern Appalachian English is a revised and expanded edition of the Weatherford Award–winning Dictionary of Smoky Mountain English, published in 2005 and known in Appalachian studies circles as the most comprehensive reference work dedicated to Appalachian vernacular and linguistic practice. running go (also run-ago, run and go, run ’n go, runny go, run to go) noun A running start, leap, or attack on, an energetic charge toward or against. 1975 Duncan Mt Sayens Two of my friends, from the Midwest, left a little old lady standing in the road because she replied “I don’t care to” to their offer of a ride. 1998 Brewer Words of Past Another East Tennesseism is the practice, when asking somebody to do something, of adding “if you don’t care to” when the meaning is exactly opposite of the plain English. The Dictionary of Southern Appalachian and Smoky Mountainn English (Montgomery and Heinmiller forthcoming; hereinafter DSASME), now under contract and under final review at the University of South Carolina Press, is an outgrowth of the Dictionary of Smoky Mountain English (Montgomery and Hall 2004; DSME) and is an expansion of the earlier work geographically and chronologically. At the bottom of this post, you will find a comments section. of or relating to the orogeny and accompanying intrusion that … A quilt was laid out on the floor; all courting-age young bent down, took firm hold of its edges with both hands, and raised up with it. “Dictionary of Southern Appalachian English is a landmark contribution to the lexicographical and linguistic study and the description of Southern Appalachian English. 1. The verb may range in sense from the understatement “not to object” to the more affirmative “to be pleased if one does.”. (of, from eastern US region) des Appalaches loc adj locution adjectivale: groupe de mots qui servent d'adjectif.Se place normalement après le nom et reste identique au plurielEx : "ballon de football, des ballons de football" Of course we didn’t have ice skates, so we'd take a running go and slide on our shoe soles. Some discussion is required of the relation between DSASME and DARE, works that have been symbiotic for more than two decades. When it tried to leap over on one side, they hurled it back to the other; when it was wriggling to get on its feet, they whirled it over on its back. DSASME encompasses parts of eight states, basing its demarcation of Southern Appalachia in large part on that of the Appalachian Regional Commission, from southern West Virginia to northeast Alabama[2]. Setting out the scope, the primary practices, the purposes, and many other features of the dictionary, this report discusses how the work relies on previously untapped written and spoken sources, including Civil War letters and extensive recorded interviews from an oral history project and how it seeks to capture the speech of one of America’s most reputed cultural areas. Author In part because formation of the park displaced thousands of residents from an 800-square-mile territory, that process resulted in massive, unprecedented documentation of the human and natural life of an area featuring a more diverse ecosystem than any other of its size in the country. Hall’s collections furnished the core of the volume, whose front matter detailed the characteristics (age, level of schooling, level of literacy, types of employment) of every speaker from whom he collected. For many in the region, their speech marks their identity and their attachments. This report describes the Dictionary of Smoky Mountain and Southern Appalachian English, a forthcoming work of lexicography based on historical principles. (Geological Science) geology of or relating to an episode of mountain building in the late Palaeozoic era during which the Appalachian Mountains were formed. 2006. That documentation has continued apace to the present day, with the national park attracting researchers from every direction and well nigh every field of investigation. Then they bleared with wild excitement, as it rolled from side to side on the quilt. 1946 Matthias Speech Pine Mt 192 = to swing, strike, especially with a swinging or whipping motion: “His mother swarped the belt at him through the open door” ... swarp = to wipe or “swipe”: “I like a little [molasses] on my biscuits now and then. 1998 Dante OHP-51 The train had to go up and go way up here and get a run and go and come back. Running go illustrates the challenge of lemmatizing folk vocabulary having no precedent in great historical dictionaries or in Webster’s Third. Popular nomenclature for flora and fauna forms a major component of the dictionary. 1939 Hall Coll (Hartford TN) [The bear] wheeled back on the dogs. In a 1990 visit to Hall, who had retired to Oceanside, California, Montgomery agreed to carry that glossary forward through a comprehensive reading program and to develop a full-fledged dictionary of the mountainous region along the Tennessee-North Carolina border. Montgomery, Michael B., and Jennifer Heinmiller. 1982 Maples Memories 32 Dad said that he and a friend were riding one day, and the friend, acting smart, reached over and gave Dad’s mule a swarp across the back. plural noun. It is not surprising that in reality this speech is much more heterogeneous than popularly perceived. [See 2005 in B1. For Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States data, the ARC map indicates from which counties in Tennessee and Georgia to draw citations. Michael Montgomery and others have used grammatical evidence, which is generally slower to change than pronunciations, to track Appalachian speech back to their origins from the predominantly Scots-Irish immigrants that settled in the area, along with others. In its only alphabetic volume published since 2004, DARE V (Sl-Z) borrows more than 150 citations from DSME[6]. Dictionary of Southern Appalachian and Smoky Mountain English, Michael B. Montgomery and Jennifer N. Heinmiller. 1983 Page and Wigginton Aunt Arie 139 She goes up and down th’road a lot, swarpin’ along. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more. As already stated, DARE identified many sources that would otherwise have escaped the editor’s attention. Some have romanticized the English spoken there as the language of Shakespeare and admired its authenticity and inventiveness. the care verb To be willing or agreeable to, mind (usually in phrase I don’t care to or I would not care, especially as a response to a suggestion or invitation). In addition to hALL'S 1942 dissertation, several articles, and three popular books of anecdotal material, Hall in his later years prepared a 500-entry typescript glossary, with the intention of depositing it in the Library of Congress for later scholars. The culture and speechways of Southern Appalachia. [7]Citations from the Wilson Collection are drawn from the published volumes of DARE and the collection deposited at the DARE office facilities. For example, when DARE posits the range of an item to be “South Midland” (as big ‘pregnant’), DSASME notes this within brackets at the foot of the relevant entry paragraph. The status of the culture and especially the speech of Southern Appalachia is complex and conflicted, even bifurcated. Whoever the cat landed closest to would be the next to wed.]. Thus, one can translate “a lot of mountain people are kind of backward, but I don’t care to talk to nobody” as “many mountain people are somewhat shy, but I don't mind talking to anyone.”, 1932 Dugger War Trails 240-41 Mary Clawson, who was a good match-maker, called from the big house door: “Come in here, boys. ‎Welcome to Appalachian Words, the show about language and culture in Appalachia. Through the nationwide survey it undertook in the late 1960s, DARE has provided more than 500 citations, and DSASME cross-references nearly 2,000 regional labels that DARE assigns to terms and senses. Mitchell, 6,684 feet (2,037 meters). Appalachian (comparative more Appalachian, superlative most Appalachian) 1. Dictionary of Smoky Mountain and Southern Appalachian English: The phrase means “to be willing or agreeable to... especially as a response to a suggestion or invitation.” This dictionary gives varying examples and time periods of the idiom’s usage from 1862 into today. 2014. Oxford English and Spanish Dictionary, Thesaurus, and Spanish to English Translator The relation between DSASME and DARE. It discusses the dictionary’s relationship to the earlier Dictionary of Southern Appalachian and Smoky Mountainn English and to the Dictionary of American Regional English. Appalachian - Translation to Spanish, pronunciation, and forum discussions. 2005 Bailey Henderson County 32 Now and then he pushed his wilted felt hat to the back of his head and wiped away beads of perspiration that gleamed on his brow. A welcome and much-needed update to a classic.”—Walt Wolfram, author of Talkin’ Tarheel. [4]https://english.missouristate.edu/civil-war-letters.htm. "—Joan Houston Hall, chief editor emerita, Dictionary of American Regional English. Yet fordictionary purposes, boundaries are required in order to determine whether a given source qualifies for citation. 2007 Preece Leavin' Sandlick 40 He wuz so bad to drank and come in jest a swarpin, trying to fight on Lassie Jo. DSASME displays greater variety of forms (6 vs. DARE’s 4), meaning that it cannot fall back on frequency as the decisive criterion. 1978 Bird Traps 74 Let’s take this umbrella, take a run to go, and jump out that lower door [of the barn]. The family jolt-wagon and mules were at my service, however, and the ride was one to remember. 1946 Dudley KY Words 272 Besides a cutting stroke this word as a noun sometimes means a swishing or swinging motion: “One day he gets too sorry to bend and lace his shoes, and it’s a swarp, swarp, every step.”  1963 Edwards Gravel 72 He kept saying “Whoa,” and every time he said it, he gave her another sworp with the withe. 1989 Oliver Hazel Creek 31 He cut a large pole and when they would get too close to him he would lash out at them (“swarp” the ground) with the pole to drive them away. Perhaps more important, Jennifer Nelson Heinmiller joined Michael Montgomery as assistant editor of the dictionary in 2011, and the two have worked closely as Heinmiller has become a lexicographer in her own right. Dictionary of American Regional English. Pages in category "Appalachian English" The following 72 pages are in this category, out of 72 total. UNC Press is an affiliate of the University of North Carolina System. Admired for its inventiveness, color, and variety, mountain English attracts the curiosity of a large population beyond those who study it or, as the readership of DSME showed, those accustomed to browsing a dictionary of any kind. Drawing on experience from throughout the editor’s life and career, DSASME exercises particular caution in citing fiction. Appalachia - an impoverished coal mining area in the Appalachian Mountains (from Pennsylvania to North Carolina) Appalachian Mountains, Appalachians - a mountain range in the eastern United States extending from Quebec to the Gulf of Mexico; a historic barrier to early westward expansion of the United States. Search Appalachian and thousands of other words in English definition and synonym dictionary from Reverso. We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website, including to provide targeted advertising and track usage. Each boy and girl stooped and gripped the rim of the quilt with both hands and raised it up as they straightened. DARE chooses running go as its headword, based perhaps on parallelism with the synonym running start or on its predominance among citations, though that form, found in three of its eight citations, postdates run-an’-go by four decades. When these details can be judged, DSASME usually gives the sub-regional location for a citation and the time period of a source in an annotation at the bibliographical entry, a practice followed to reduce redundancy between entries and to allow for other pertinent information in the bibliography. ---Dictionary of Southern Appalachian and Smoky Mountain English, © University of South Carolina Board of Trustees. Then the cat was thrown in and the boys would try to shake it out toward their best girl. As the successor work, DSASME retains every significant feature of DSME. Further, works cited by DARE suggested two relevant post-bellum authors from northwestern Georgia: Charles Henry Smith and Will Harben, whose writings were tracked down and read in extenso. Accordingly, it qualifies counties in central Alabama, central Tennessee, and central Kentucky, as well as northeastern Mississippi, as “Appalachian” that are many miles from hill country. It happened all over this country at all the workings.] 1955 Ritchie Singing Family 21 I snatched up an old broom handle lying in the yard and took a runago at the homemade screen door and rammed that stick plum through. For Professors: 2005 Williams Gratitude 529 = 1) to swat at; 2) to brush harshly against something, as, “The limbs swarped ag'in the ground when the tree fell.” Or tell a youngun: “I'll swarp your hind end.”, [cf SND swap/swop v 1 “to strike, hit”; DARE swarp v chiefly southern Appalachians]. [6]Joseph Hall, whose work, as indicated above, formed the foundation of DSME, donated a duplicate of his citation slips to DARE, from which that dictionary incorporates more than 500 items. Try using some of these Appalachian words in a sentence of your own! 2003 Carter Mt Home 13 He carried a red ‘kerchief in his back pocket for swipin’ sweat off his face, which flowed freely in the hot summers. At the head of each one, DSASME usually provides four elements: a date of publication in bold, the last name(s) of author(s) in regular type, an abbreviated title in italics, and a page number (if pertinent), as seen here: DARE includes up to three other elements for the citation: an identifying location in bold (usually a state, less often a sub-region), a pertinent time frame if it significantly predates publication, and a comma, as seen here: 1962 Dykeman Tall Woman 190 sAppalachians (as of 1877). 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