[137] The Bhagavata Purana manuscripts also exist in many versions, in numerous Indian languages. [113], Other legends describe him as an enchanter and playful lover of the gopis (milkmaids) of Vrindavana, especially Radha. However, Devaki, and her husband, Vasudeva, finally were able to sneak one child off to safety. Alternatively, he is shown as a romantic young boy with the gopis (milkmaids), often making music or playing pranks. 14 likes. [182] However, the exact relationship between Krishna and Vishnu is complex and diverse,[183] with Krishna sometimes considered an independent deity and supreme. While Sheridan and Pintchman both affirm Bryant's view, the latter adds that the Vedantic view emphasized in the Bhagavata is non-dualist with a difference. He explains that we should be free from all attachments while still maintaining loving relationships and upholding our family responsibilities.”. [134] The Vishnu Purana manuscripts exist in many versions. [43][45] According to Bopearachchi, the headdress on top of the deity is actually a misrepresentation of a shaft with a half-moon parasol on top (chattra). [78][79], Many Puranas, mostly compiled during the Gupta period (4-5th century CE),[80] tell Krishna's life story or some highlights from it. [PDF] Sri Krishna Institute Steel Structures Handwritten Classroom Notes for IES... EasyEngineering.net-August 20. [71][72][73], Megasthenes, a Greek ethnographer and an ambassador of Seleucus I to the court of Chandragupta Maurya towards the end of 4th century BCE, made reference to Herakles in his famous work Indica. Forgot account? i use to play harmonium in college and kirtan is done daily so i want to know more hare krishna kirtna chords . [244], Krishna and his siblings' capital becomes Dvaravati. In fact it is said that his final act was to bless the hunter who had accidentally shot him. [240] The Vidhurapandita Jataka mentions Madhura (Sanskrit: Mathura), the Ghata Jataka mentions Kamsa, Devagabbha (Sk: Devaki), Upasagara or Vasudeva, Govaddhana (Sk: Govardhana), Baladeva (Balarama), and Kanha or Kesava (Sk: Krishna, Keshava). The Arjuna and Krishna interaction is missing in the Jataka version. Krishna plays a key role in the Mahabharata. [122][12] Gopis are considered as Lakshmi's or Radha's manifestations. He is the spiritual essence and the love-eternal in existence, the gopis metaphorically represent the prakṛti matter and the impermanent body. [96][97], Alternate icons of Krishna show him as a baby (Bala Krishna, the child Krishna), a toddler crawling on his hands and knees, a dancing child, or an innocent-looking child playfully stealing or consuming butter (Makkan Chor),[63] holding Laddu in his hand (Laddu Gopal)[98][99] or as a cosmic infant sucking his toe while floating on a banyan leaf during the Pralaya (the cosmic dissolution) observed by sage Markandeya. Because of their divine love, the Lord appeared to each of the gopis. Notes on discourses 1 Some spiritual statements of Shri Atmananda 439 Life sketch of Shri Krishna Menon (Shri Atmananda) 466 Glossary 490 Index 499. Sri Krishna, being a great spiritual leader of his time, also chose to perform certain worldly activities. In 3228 BCE in Mathura, India, a child was born who was destined to reshape the spiritual and temporal destiny of mankind—Sri Krishna. In this way, Krishna shares an exalted station with Abraham, Moses, Zoroaster, Buddha, Muhammad, Jesus, the Báb, and the founder of the Baháʼí Faith, Bahá'u'lláh.[251][252]. [23] Krishna-related literature has inspired numerous performance arts such as Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Odissi, and Manipuri dance. [22] In some sub-traditions, Krishna is worshipped as Svayam Bhagavan, and this is sometimes referred to as Krishnaism. [39], Around 180 BCE the Indo-Greek king Agathocles issued some coinage bearing images of deities that are now interpreted as being related to Vaisnava imagery in India. Mistaking the sleeping Krishna for a deer, a hunter named Jara shoots an arrow that fatally injures him. The legends about Krishna's life are called Krishna charitas (IAST: Kṛṣṇacaritas).[107]. The verse (III.xvii.6) mentions Krishna in Krishnaya Devakiputraya as a student of the sage Ghor' of the Angirasa family. Thank you. [236] For example, Krishna loses battles in the Jain versions, and his gopis and his clan of Yadavas die in a fire created by an ascetic named Dvaipayana. [32], As a name of Vishnu, Krishna is listed as the 57th name in the Vishnu Sahasranama. Kamsa arranges to kill all of Devaki's children. Srikrishna Committee on Telangana or the Committee for Consultations on the Situation in Andhra Pradesh (CCSAP) is a committee headed by former chief justice B. N. Srikrishna to look into the demand for separate statehood for Telangana or keep the State united in the present form, Andhra Pradesh. With his power, he blessed each gopi with a vision of the Self.”, Radha is said to have been the most devoted of the gopis. His interaction with the gopis at the rasa dance or Rasa-lila is an example. [24][25] He is a pan-Hindu god, but is particularly revered in some locations such as Vrindavan in Uttar Pradesh, Dwarka and Junagadh in Gujarat; the Jagannatha aspect in Odisha, Mayapur in West Bengal;[26] in the form of Vithoba in Pandharpur, Maharashtra, Shrinathji at Nathdwara in Rajasthan,[27] Udupi Krishna in Karnataka,[28] Parthasarathy in Tamil Nadu and Guruvayoorappan in Guruvayoor in Kerala. [214] ISCKON has built many Krishna temples in the West, as well as other locations such as South Africa. These texts have many peculiarities and may be a garbled and confused version of the Krishna legends. “A true leader always leads by example, by demonstrating to others how the work is done. See more ideas about krishna, krishna bhajan, beautiful songs. [74] The word Herakles, states Bryant, is likely a Greek phonetic equivalent of Hari-Krishna, as is Methora of Mathura, Kleisobora of Krishnapura, and the Jobares of Jamuna. [103], Guidelines for the preparation of Krishna icons in design and architecture are described in medieval-era Sanskrit texts on Hindu temple arts such as Vaikhanasa agama, Vishnu dharmottara, Brihat samhita, and Agni Purana. [257] For instance, Édouard Schuré, an influential figure in perennial philosophy and occult movements, considered Krishna a Great Initiate, while Theosophists regard Krishna as an incarnation of Maitreya (one of the Masters of the Ancient Wisdom), the most important spiritual teacher for humanity along with Buddha. [218], Krishna iconography has also been found in Thailand, along with those of Surya and Vishnu. It is told primarily through Srimad Bhagavatam, Garga Samhita, Visnu Purana, Brahmavaivarta Purana, Mahabharata, Harivamsa and several other puranas. After Duryodhana's death, Krishna visits Gandhari to offer his condolences when Gandhari and Dhritarashtra visited Kurukshetra, as stated in Stree Parva. [105], Krishna iconography forms an important element in the figural sculpture on 17th-19th century terracotta temples of Bengal. Krishna befriends Arjuna and the other Pandava princes of the Kuru kingdom. He urges us to live according to our true dharma, to remain steadfast in it, and thus advance in life toward the ultimate goal.”, Krishna’s instructions were not just for monks. [197], The use of the term bhakti, meaning devotion, is not confined to any one deity. His life was a model for people in days past, the modern world and surely for those in ages to come. Visit the post for more. [68], Yāska's Nirukta, an etymological dictionary published around the 6th century BCE, contains a reference to the Shyamantaka jewel in the possession of Akrura, a motif from the well-known Puranic story about Krishna. In Gaudiya tradition, it is the maha-mantra, or great mantra, about Krishna bhakti. [241][242], Like the Jaina versions of the Krishna legends, the Buddhist versions such as one in Ghata Jataka follow the general outline of the story,[243] but are different from the Hindu versions as well. [62], The Chandogya Upanishad, estimated to have been composed sometime between the 8th and 6th centuries BCE, has been another source of speculation regarding Krishna in ancient India. [115]:256, This Lila is a constant theme in the legends of Krishna's childhood and youth. [232] Bryant summarizes the influence of Krishna stories in the Bhagavata Purana as, "[it] has inspired more derivative literature, poetry, drama, dance, theatre and art than any other text in the history of Sanskrit literature, with the possible exception of the Ramayana. [PDF] Sri Krishna Institute Building Materials Handwritten Classroom Notes for IES GATE SSC TNPSC TANCET & GOVT Exams Free Download It states that the column was constructed by "the Bhagavata Heliodorus" and that it is a "Garuda pillar" (both are Vishnu-Krishna-related terms). According to Jeffery D. Long, a professor of religion known for his publications on Jainism, this connection between Krishna and Neminatha has been a historic reason for Jains to accept, read, and cite the Bhagavad Gita as a spiritually important text, celebrate Krishna-related festivals, and intermingle with Hindus as spiritual cousins. Other scholars disagree that the Krishna mentioned along with Devaki in the ancient Upanishad is unrelated to the later Hindu god of the Bhagavad Gita fame. However, here are some of the broad strokes. All of his wives and his lover Radha are considered in the Hindu tradition to be the avatars of the goddess Lakshmi, the consort of Vishnu. [132] The most original composition, the Harivamsa is told in a realistic style that describes Krishna's life as a poor herder but weaves in poetic and allusive fantasy. Log In. [253][254][255] Ghulam Ahmad stated that he was himself a prophet in the likeness of prophets such as Krishna, Jesus, and Muhammad,[256] who had come to earth as a latter-day reviver of religion and morality. [84][85] The tenth book of the text, which contains about 4,000 verses (~25%) and is dedicated to legends about Krishna, has been the most popular and widely studied part of this text. That is why he was always able to give a big smile. The legends of Krishna's childhood and youth describe him as a cow herder, a mischievous boy whose pranks earn him the nickname Makhan Chor (butter thief), and a protector who steals the hearts of the people in both Gokul and Vrindavana. The message that he conveyed through his life is that we should make life full of laughter.”. [258][259], Krishna was canonised by Aleister Crowley and is recognised as a saint of Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica in the Gnostic Mass of Ordo Templi Orientis. Krishna’s life was so full, it would be impossible to recount it all here. Krishna, in fact, took birth in a prison cell. And it was also to Arjuna that he advised the 701 verses of The Bhagavad-Gita (the centrepiece of The Mahabharata). HG Nityananda Prabhu - Sri Krishna Janmashtami / ŚB 9.24.66. [64] This phrase, which means "To Krishna the son of Devaki", has been mentioned by scholars such as Max Müller[65] as a potential source of fables and Vedic lore about Krishna in the Mahabharata and other ancient literature – only potential because this verse could have been interpolated into the text,[65] or the Krishna Devakiputra, could be different from the deity Krishna. [14] He is the god of compassion, tenderness, love[15][1][2] and is one of the most popular and widely revered among Indian divinities. “By spending all his time with the gopis of Vrindavan—playing with them, joking with them, stealing their butter and milk, etc—what he actually was doing was stealing their hearts,” Amma says. [241][76] For example, the Buddhist legend describes Devagabbha (Devaki) to have been isolated in a palace built upon a pole after she is born, so no future husband could reach her. The Bhagavata Purana, a popular text on Krishna considered to be like scripture in Assam, synthesizes an Advaita, Samkhya, and Yoga framework for Krishna but one that proceeds through loving devotion to Krishna. [24], The Jainism tradition lists 63 Śalākāpuruṣa or notable figures which, amongst others, includes the twenty-four Tirthankaras (spiritual teachers) and nine sets of triads. In fact, some people believe that the whole purpose of Krishna’s birth was to deliver this “Song of the Divine.” It comprises Krishna’s advice to Arjuna on the cusp of the Mahabharata War. [76][77], The ancient Sanskrit grammarian Patanjali in his Mahabhashya makes several references to Krishna and his associates found in later Indian texts. Ghora is identified with Neminatha, the twenty-second tirthankara in Jainism, by some scholars. Trésor de monnaies indiennes et indo-grecques d'Aï Khanoum (Afghanistan). See Bhandarkar, Vaishnavism and Śaivism, p. Hemacandra Abhidhânacintâmani, Ed. In conventional nondual Vedanta, all reality is interconnected and one, the Bhagavata posits that the reality is interconnected and plural. The siblings of Krishna are not killed by Kamsa, though he tries. The tradition of Krishna appears to be an amalgamation of several independent deities of ancient India, the earliest to be attested being Vāsudeva. Based on the internal evidence of the inscription, it has been dated to between 125 and 100 BCE, and now known after Heliodorus – an Indo-Greek who served as an ambassador of the Greek king Antialcidas to a regional Indian king Kasiputra Bhagabhadra. - Informationen zum Thema info-sikh", "आरती कुंजबिहारी की, Aarti Kunj Bihari Ki Hindi Lyrics", Bathing in Krishna: A Study in Vaiṣṇava Hindu Theology, Krishna, Christians, and Colors: The Socially Binding Influence of Kirtan Singing at a Utah Hare Krishna Festival, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krishna&oldid=1000940915, People considered avatars by their followers, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Pages using infobox deity with unknown parameters, Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles containing Sanskrit-language text, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2020, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 January 2021, at 13:22. Sri Krishna Janmashtami Krishna Conc… According to the Mahabharata, a fight breaks out at a festival among the Yadavas, who end up killing each other. "[144], Lavanya Vemsani states that Krishna can be inferred to have lived between 3227 BCE – 3102 BCE from the Puranas. But our seeking is all external, Appearance at midnite of Sravana, Rohini star, Ashtami of Krishna paksha (July 19/20), year 3228 BCE to Devaki, delivers Bhagavad-Gita at Kurukshetra Battle (3138 BCE), Swargarohana – leaving the body on February 18th 3102 BCE. He was the embodiment of bliss. As Amma says, “His glory is unsurpassable. The Swamiyar used to reject all those sloka that did not get His approval. He is shown as a charioteer, notably when he is addressing the Pandava prince Arjuna character, symbolically reflecting the events that led to the Bhagavad Gita – a scripture of Hinduism. Even when he is battling with a serpent to protect others, he is described in Hindu texts as if he were playing a game. 454) polemically mention the devotees of Vâsudeva and Baladeva. Shri Krishna Govind Hare Murari Sargam Notes November 9, 2020 April 18, 2020 by Sargam Book Shri Krishna Govind Hare Murari Harmonium Sargam Notes, Flute Notes, Lyrics. [136] Krishna's life is closer to that of a human being in Harivamsa, but is a symbolic universe in the Bhagavata Purana, where Krishna is within the universe and beyond it, as well as the universe itself, always. Important Notes No details found. It ends on a triumphal note, not with the death of Krishna. Krishna is considered a full avatar of Vishnu, or one with Vishnu himself. [115]:255 This quality of playfulness in Krishna is celebrated during festivals as Rasa-Lila and Janmashtami, where Hindus in some regions such as Maharashtra playfully mimic his legends, such as by making human gymnastic pyramids to break open handis (clay pots) hung high in the air to "steal" butter or buttermilk, spilling it all over the group. For the historic Jagannath temple in Ranchi. It allegorically raises through Krishna and Arjuna the ethical and moral dilemmas of human life, then presents a spectrum of answers, weighing in on the ideological questions on human freedoms, choices, and responsibilities towards self and towards others. Amma says, “Throughout his life, Lord Krishna had to face different crises that arose like waves, one after the other. Sri Krishna College of Engineering known as SKCE in short , is an Unique Institution, as the founder-Chairman Dr.T.R.Subramaniam has developed this college from Grass Roots Level with our Sri Krishna Polytechnic College as our Flagship Institution, catering to the Industrial and Educational needs of the Arakkonam - Tiruttani - Region. And in the end, Krishna returned to Mathura and killed Kamsa, restoring dharma to the land. Even those who could not physically be there join him through meditation. [52][43][53], The Heliodorus inscription is not isolated evidence. One common scene involves Krishna playing flute in rasa Leela, only to be heard by certain gopis (cowherd maidens), which is theologically supposed to represent divine call only heard by certain enlightened beings. To save the world, Vasudeva-Krishna has to forsake the non-violence principle and kill the Prati-Vasudeva. Even then, not once was his countenance clouded by sorrow. [39] Vāsudeva and Krishna fused to become a single deity, which appears in the Mahabharata, and they start to be identified with Vishnu in the Mahabharata and the Bhagavad Gita. [31] The name is also interpreted sometimes as "all-attractive". Ramanuja, a Hindu theologian whose works were influential in Bhakti movement,[156] presented him in terms of qualified monism (Vishishtadvaita). … He shows how to succeed in life while remaining in the midst of obstacles. [233] The stories of these triads can be found in the Harivamsa Purana (8th century CE) of Jinasena (not be confused with its namesake, the addendum to Mahābhārata) and the Trishashti-shalakapurusha-charita of Hemachandra. Pâṇ. "Krishna Rajamannar with His Wives, Rukmini and Satyabhama, and His Mount, Garuda | LACMA Collections", "Gaura Purnima Mahotsava By International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON)", "Alfred Ford on mission to fund biggest temple", "Hindu's converge at Ramapir Mela near Karachi seeking divine", "info-sikh.com - Diese Website steht zum Verkauf! [60] The relief shows at one end a seven-hooded Naga crossing a river, where a makara crocodile is thrashing around, and at the other end a person seemingly holding a basket over his head. His instruction to Arjuna, in fact, was to remain in the world, performing his dharma. [227], The Krishna stories have played a key role in the history of Indian theatre, music, and dance, particularly through the tradition of Rasaleela. These are dated to the 9th century CE. In the biographies of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, the mantra he received when he was given diksha or initiation in Gaya was the six-word verse of the Kali-Santarana Upanishad, namely "Hare Krishna Hare Krishna, Krishna Krishna Hare Hare; Hare Rama Hare Rama, Rama Rama Hare Hare". Krishna is also known by various other names, epithets, and titles that reflect his many associations and attributes.