Catalonia has its own culture, with distinctive art and architectural styles, cuisine, literary traditions, holidays and festivals. In the Second Spanish Republic, Catalan lawmakers worked on the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia. Comprising the Eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands, it borders Spain and Aragon to the West and France and Andorra to the North. Third, our program of government is the economic prosperity and social cohesion of Catalonia.” Catalonia's independence movement — a brief history The end of freedom In the Second Spanish Republic, Catalan lawmakers worked on the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia. For almost 40 years Catalonia was governed under military dictatorship. Next, there is the Republican Left of Catalonia-Catalonia Yes party, an alliance of parties that are center-left to left-wing, with the Republican Left as the historic Catalan party founded in 1931, the year of Spain’s Second Spanish Republic. Its name, which dates about the 11th century BC, means "Land of Castles". Though failing in Catalonia, the uprising by the Spanish military against the democratic order of the Second Republic triggered the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). It has always been the left republican vision of Spain. During the war years, Lluís Companys remained the President of the Generalitat and ERC played a key role in government, along with other political and social forces. Another vision of Spain, however, is plurinational, recognizing other nations in Spain, including Catalonia, the Basque Country, and Galicia. During the Second Republic, Spain had conceded autonomy to the culturally distinctive regions of the Basque Country, Catalonia, and Galicia. The Spanish region of Catalonia is postponing regional elections planned for Feb. 14 until May 30 because of a strong surge in COVID-19 cases in … Ortega was speaking in the turbulent era of Spain’s Second Republic, just before the 1936-39 civil war, when Catalan secessionism briefly posed a challenge to Spain’s unity. Except during the First Republic (1873–74), the Second Republic (1931–36), and the Spanish Civil War (1936–39), Spain also always had a monarchy. Representing Catalan National Identity. But a special certificate would need to be produced as proof. The northern part of Catalonia is currently integrated to France, since 1659. Amid a brutal repression, Spain was divided into two zones: the Republican zone (“zona The capital, Barcelona, is the second most populated city in Spain and is one of the major economic, financial and cultural urban centres in Europe, as well as one of the world’s leading technological, tourist, cultural and trade hubs. Each of these has its own language, culture, and history, and all of them prefer a republic to the monarchy. In the first third of the 20th century, Catalonia enjoyed and lost several times varying degrees of autonomy, but like the rest of Spain, Catalan autonomy and culture were crushed to an unprecedented degree after the defeat of the Second Spanish Republic (founded 1931) in the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) brought General Francisco Franco to power. The region fought for the Second Republic in the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939, but its defeat led to the Catalan language being outlawed under Francisco Franco’s 40-year military rule. The region gained its current autonomous status first during the era of the Second Spanish Republic (1930s) and then again after dictator Franco's death in 1975. But the tides turned in favour of the Catalan people in 1931 when the Second Spanish Republic’s constitution recognised Catalonia as a nation and Catalan as an official language of the republic. The surreal 2020 put the Catalonia-Spain conflict somehow aside of the main headlines after eight years, and at least in part of the year that just began the political situation will continue in second position. Rather than merely restore this autonomy, the new democratic constitution of 1978 diluted its significance by awarding self-government to all regions, some of which had no identity or culture of their own. On Thursday, Mr Castex said travel during hours of curfew was permitted for trips to the hospital or pharmacy, or if work hours required. Health, Covid-19, the vaccine rollout and the pandemic's impact will still be the hottest issues of at least some months of 2021. ... Catalonia and the Basque Country remained in the hands of the government of the Republic. 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