The result of this was that some schools became oversubscribed, and these were allowed to select pupils according to certain criteria. /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 93 0 obj Increased trade: NAFTA more than tripled trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States after it was enacted. In that situation, the children of the poor are most likely to suffer.. /Type /Page /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 128 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page The Education Reform Act of 1988 kickstarted the marketisation of education by applying market forces to education, promoting competition, and increasing parental choice. >> /TT3 159 0 R /Contents 224 0 R /Properties << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> 9 0 obj 55 0 obj /Properties << /Contents 283 0 R >> /TT1 121 0 R The Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted) was formed under the Education (Schools) Act 1992, as part of the major overhaul and centralisation of the school system begun by the Education Reform Act 1988, which introduced the National Curriculum, extensive testing in schools and the publication of league tables. >> This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. >> /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page /Parent 11 0 R /Resources << 33 0 obj Education Reformed: A Guide to the Education Reform Act . /Properties << /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 59 It was this that then set the scene for successful schools to be able to expand and failing schools to collapse (and, following further policy changes later on under New Labour and other successive governments) to be taken over by successful schools. 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R /StructParents 81 >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 40 By 3 August 1944 the . /ExtGState << /Kids [62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R] /Parent 15 0 R >> /TT1 121 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R endobj /ExtGState << Avoidance of long commuting times to school. 42 0 obj >> A market is always going to have winners and losers. 106 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /Properties << /ExtGState << charts developments since the 1988 Act and calls for a Royal Commission to undertake a root-and-branch investigation into the politicisation of education. >> /TT2 121 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /Type /Metadata This increased parental choice created what is known as a parentocracy , which refers to the idea that parents are ultimately in control of their child's schooling. /Type /Page >> /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << /Rotate 0 >> The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences Tuomo Ruotanen
School vouchers give families a greater level of flexibility. /GS0 125 0 R because classrooms contain students of all abilities, brighter pupils are held-back as the weaker learners catch-up, a problem critics says grammar schools don't have. >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. /Contents 245 0 R 35 0 obj /Prev 308 0 R endobj << /StructParents 58 4 The agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs. /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 14 0 R >> 8 0 obj /Font << >> /Contents 250 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << Three decades later, the tools of that market performance measures and inspection reports are a fact of life. /TT0 120 0 R >> /Contents 221 0 R /Contents 269 0 R >> /Font << >> endobj << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page >> >> /Rotate 0 /StructParents 42 /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R endobj Because so many people do not have an education, when they get older, it is damaging their life and the world as a whole. << /StructParents 61 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 121 0 R /Type /Pages 57 0 obj /Font << >> /Parent 16 0 R /Properties << /TT1 226 0 R >> >> Teachers must present materials in different ways so that all of the students with different learning styles can understand the material. /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R >> /Name (HeaderFooter) /ExtGState << /Properties << /TT1 121 0 R /Parent 2 0 R 38 0 obj /Type /Page /Font << /Contents 267 0 R >> /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R It firmly placed education in the marketplace, a process that began in the early 1980s under Mrs Margaret . /MC0 129 0 R >> /StructParents 51 86 0 obj /Resources << >> /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << /Font << /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Pages /TT0 120 0 R << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations. /Dest [108 0 R /XYZ 0 697 null] /Type /Page /F4 123 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 90 0 obj
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>> Benefits of Education are Societal and Personal. Societies benefit as well. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Count 10 63 0 obj /StructParents 47 . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> 52 0 obj /Parent 12 0 R << /Properties << /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 242 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Meanwhile, there is growing concern about the unintended consequences of high-stakes accountability; off rolling pupils less likely to succeed, teaching to the test, manipulation of the curriculum and small but significant number of orphan schools that none of the new edu-providers want. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 0000035523 00000 n
/MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Count 10 >> /Font << The act was introduced by the New Right and this post starts off by exploring their ideas about education and then covers the specific details of the act itself, before evaluating the impact of 1988 Education Act. /Type /Page Source: DAR Studies find that benefits such as improved . /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << Extend Medicaid coverage to include all people . >> /MC0 129 0 R /Font << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Situated in one of the most deprived parts of the country, it was propelled into the national headlines when the former cabinet minister and local parent Oliver Letwin proclaimed at a Tory party conference fringe meeting that he would rather beg on the streets than send his children to the school closest to where he lived. /Parent 15 0 R /TT2 121 0 R /Contents 287 0 R 117 0 obj /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R >> /Rotate 0 >> endobj /Rotate 0 >> /Properties << 80 0 obj /TT2 159 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 3 0 obj endobj >> /TT1 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /StructParents 49 /Resources << /TT1 226 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /Parent 13 0 R Free schools are all-ability state-funded schools set up in response to what local people say they want and need in order to improve education for children in their community. %PDF-1.3
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/MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R It provided Three Core Subjects, Maths, English and Science, and Seven Foundation Subjects, Art, Music, Technology, History, Geography, A modern Foreign Language, and PE. /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /EmbeddedFiles 20 0 R /ExtGState << Marketisation is used to refer to a trend in education policy from the 1980s where schools were encouraged to compete against each other and act more like private businesses rather than institutions under the control of local government. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] H[F)NR/RgaUZU-eI|a
c;93mo2w7D!E7>yO0OO8^i0&20*)D1$(Q6AK:;ZX#O85c(DgvXNh, The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences. /Type /Page >> /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 0000052109 00000 n
/ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /ExtGState << Federal involvement would eliminate the inconsistencies in the system. >> /TT1 121 0 R /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Parent 16 0 R /Contents 298 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 << The Education Reform Act (1988): introduced the national curriculum, league tables, and standardised testing. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R] /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /OCProperties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /ExtGState << /StructParents 1 /Rotate 0 << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj >> /Type /Page /StructParents 7
/GS0 125 0 R >> 112 0 obj >> /TT1 121 0 R /Contents 237 0 R /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> 37 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /LastModified (D:20040616154335) Broadening and Reinforcing the Benefits of Land Reform in the Philippines 1 Excludes DAR utilization of Fund 101. /TT0 120 0 R /Kids [22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R] /MC0 129 0 R Education Reform Act (Pardini, 2005). /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Parent 14 0 R >> << /StructParents 21 Children were regularly assessed to establish whether they were meeting key stages appropriate to their . /GS0 125 0 R The Best For My Child. /Rotate 0 /StructParents 4 /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /OCGs [7 0 R] /Properties << >> Parents at that time had almost no say in which schools their children would be sent to and children were typically sent to their local school. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 121 0 R endobj 0000001418 00000 n
endobj >> The education reform movement as we have known it is over. 103 0 obj However, in recent years, some schools have discontinued their multiage programs due to the grade-level standards and testing requirements imposed by the No Child Left Behind Act and most states' accountability laws. /Type /Pages /StructParents 74 /TT1 121 0 R >> >> /Parent 10 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page 72 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << endobj >> /StructParents 64 /Parent 10 0 R /Type /Page >> 0000009252 00000 n
& Berliner David C. 1992. . /Properties << The advantages and disadvantages of the above mentioned land reforms are as follows: Abolition of intermediaries: The abolition of intermediaries has led to the end of a parasite class. /MC0 129 0 R /Annots [132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text]
/Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R >> /Properties << OFSTED Raised standard because a poor inspection could result in new management being imposed on underperforming schools. << >> /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 17 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Three types of schools were established by 1944 Education Act - grammar schools; technical schools and secondary modern schools. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R Even so it has hardly proved an ill wind for publishers and, among others, for beleaguered academics anxious to improve their publication ratings in time for the next research review. /Resources << People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 0000001632 00000 n
endobj >> /Parent 11 0 R 28 0 obj /Parent 15 0 R Stories of poor financial management, even corrupt practices, in the independent state school sector persist. /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 0000000994 00000 n
>> endobj /TT3 159 0 R More accountability provided a great opportunity for my generation of school leaders to prove ourselves and the national curriculum was right because it reduced inequality, even if it has been undermined by academy freedoms. >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /TT1 121 0 R 1944 Education Act and 1988 Education Reform Act. The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R << /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 47 0 obj /Contents 282 0 R /Font << >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The Education Reform Act- Competition and Control, London: Cassell Education limited. Parentocracy refers to giving parents the choice over which schools to send their children too. /MC0 129 0 R /TT2 121 0 R /ExtGState << >> /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 244 0 R /MC0 129 0 R endobj /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> endobj >> << >> 0000003291 00000 n
The chains have over-expanded and it often becomes more about the preservation of the trust than about the pupils. The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market plus back-door selection and even corruption, School market supporters argue the case for the defence. /Type /Page /Parent 14 0 R >> /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R 64 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 226 0 R By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. /StructParents 30 /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Children can go to school with their childhood friends. Also, just because powerful governments have expanded marketisation on a global scale, this doesnt necessarily mean it works for everyone, and there are plenty of criticisms of the negative consequences of the 1988 Education Act as below, Below I summarize EIGHT criticisms of the 1988 Education Act, Concern has been expressed over the harmful effects of over-testing on pupils, especially younger pupils. /Font << 89 0 obj << /Rotate 0 The Best For My Child Act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations For our contemporary Education... /Pdf /Text ] children can go to school with their childhood friends competitive Education system and these were allowed select... R /Properties < < 89 0 obj < < /StructParents 58 4 agreement! /Tt1 121 0 R the Best For My Child /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text children. Send their children too reduced and eliminated tariffs laid the foundations For our contemporary competitive Education system their! 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advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act